让步状语从句

让步状语从句（Adverbial Clause of Concession）用于表达“尽管/虽然……但是……”的让步关系，用于表示尽管存在某种情况或条件，但主句中的动作或状态仍然发生或成立。它通常用来表达一种对比或转折关系，强调某一事实或条件的存在并不妨碍另一事实的成立。

1. 常见的让步状语从句引导词

引导词	例句
although	Although it was raining, we went out.
though	Though he is young, he is very wise.
even though	Even though she was tired, she kept working.
while	While I understand your point, I disagree.
as (倒装结构)	Hard as he tried, he couldn’t pass the exam.
no matter + 疑问词	No matter how hard it is, I won’t give up.
whether...or...	Whether you like it or not, you must do it.
be + 主语 + 形容词/名词 (正式)	Be it true or not, we must check.

2. 让步状语从句的常见结构

(1) 正常语序

• Although/Though/Even though + 主语 + 动词
  • Although he is rich, he is not happy.
  • Even though she studied hard, she failed the exam.

(2) 倒装结构（正式/文学化）

• 形容词/副词/名词 + as/though + 主语 + 动词
  • Hard as he worked, he didn’t succeed.
  • Child though he was, he spoke like an adult.

(3) "No matter + 疑问词" 结构

• No matter how/when/where/what/who + 主语 + 动词
  • No matter how hard you try, you can’t change his mind.
  • No matter what happens, I’ll support you.

(4) "Be it...or..." 结构（正式）

• Be + 主语 + 形容词/名词 + or + 形容词/名词
  • Be it rain or snow, the event will go on.
  • Be he friend or foe, the law applies to all.

The character traits held for every kind of community, be they traditional hunter-gatherers or advanced civilizations, helping to uphold civilized society and foster social cooperation, researchers found.

这是一个 ​倒装结构的让步状语从句，完整形式相当于 ​​"whether they are traditional hunter-gatherers or advanced civilizations"​​（无论他们是传统的狩猎采集社会还是先进文明）。
省略连词 ​​"whether"​，直接用 ​​"be"​​ 开头。
动词 ​​"be"​​ 提前构成倒装，强调“无论何种形式”。